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NEW QUESTION # 26
An individual,s flexibility can be assessed by which of the following?
- A. A curl-up test
- B. A one-repetition bench press
- C. A push-up test
- D. A sit-and-reach test
Answer: C
Explanation:
A sit-and-reach test can measure the flexibility of an individual,s lower back hip, and hamstrings. A one-repetition bench press is used to assess muscular strength or muscle force. Both the push-up test and the curl-up test are used for measuring muscle endurance.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which of the following inhibits a person,s joint flexibility?
- A. Having cold muscles
- B. Having more relaxed muscles
- C. Having a more physically active lifestyle
- D. Being a woman
Answer: D
Explanation:
A person,s flexibility is reflected in his or her ability to move a joint, without pain, through a range of motion. In general, a number of factors are associated with increased flexibility. Younger people are more flexible than older individuals, and women are more flexible than men. Warmer, more relaxed muscles allow more joint flexibility than colder muscles. Individuals who are physically active are often more flexible than those who are not. In addition, the joint structure and health of the joint and its surrounding tissues affect an individual,s flexibility.
NEW QUESTION # 28
The primary function of the respiratory system is
- A. Regulating the body/ s pH level
- B. Facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
- C. Maintaining fluid volume to prevent dehydration
- D. Delivering nutrients to tissues in the body
Answer: C
Explanation:
The respiratory system involves the lungs and is where the exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide occurs. The cardiovascular system, which involves the heart and blood vessels, is responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to all tissues in the body, regulating the body's pH level to prevent acidosis or alkalosis, and maintaining fluid volume to prevent dehydration.
NEW QUESTION # 29
The hip joint is what type of joint?
- A. Pivot joint
- B. Ball-and-socket joint
- C. Hinge joint
- D. Cartilaginous joint
Answer: B
Explanation:
The hip joint as well as the shoulder joint can move in all directions. They are ball-and-socket joints. A hinge joint can only move in one plane, such as with knee flexion and extension. A cartilaginous joint is a strong joint that is very slightly movable, such as intervertebral joints. A pivot joint is a joint in one plane that permits rotation, such as the humeroradial joint.
NEW QUESTION # 30
An example of a substitution behavioral change that you might suggest to a client is
- A. "If you reach this goal we set up, you can have a reward of your choosing."
- B. "Call your best friend to walk with you every day."
- C. "Put your running shoes right by your bed so you are motivated to run first thing in the morning."
- D. "Take the stairs instead of the elevator at work"
Answer: C
Explanation:
There are a number of strategies trainers can employ in order to effect behavior change in a client. Substitution or counterconditioning involves substituting healthy behaviors for unhealthy behaviors. Answer A is an example of social support. Answer C is an example of a reward or reinforcement system. Answer D is an example of environmental control, which is a cue that can precipitate healthy behavior.
NEW QUESTION # 31
For average groups of people represented below, which order represents the lowest resting heart rate to the highest resting heart rate?
- A. Men, women, children, elderly individuals
- B. Elderly individuals, men, women, children
- C. Children, women, elderly individuals, men
- D. Elderly individuals, women, men, children
Answer: C
Explanation:
Heart rate is the number of times that the heart beats per minute and can be measured by taking a pulse. Average people have a resting heart rate of 60 to 80 beats per minute (bpm). The elderly have a lower resting heart rate than adult men and women. Men have a resting heart rate that is about 10 bpm lower than that of adult women. Children have resting heart rates that are higher than those of adults. When comparing fit to unfit individuals, fit individuals have a lower resting heart rate.
NEW QUESTION # 32
The "talk test" refers to
- A. The comfort level of a client to let a trainer know when an exercise is too hard.
- B. The ability of an individual while exercising to talk or respond to a trainer,s questions without gasping for breath.
- C. The practice of speaking with your client before a training session to check in with the client
- D. The practice of talking with your client during the cool-down phase to see how the session felt.
Answer: A
Explanation:
It is important that a training session not be too intense. The "talk test" is a simple way to get a handle on the intensity of the endurance or workout phase. A client should be able to talk or answer a trainers questions without gasping for breath. Not being able to speak easily can indicate that the workout is too intense.
Cardiovascular, muscular, and orthopedic injuries are more likely to occur when a workout is too intense.
NEW QUESTION # 33
A client in the precontemplation stage of behavior might think to himself:
- A. "I am really thinking about how to lose weight."
- B. "I am so proud I lost weight!"
- C. "I just can,t lose weight."
- D. "I have a plan to lose weight."
Answer: D
Explanation:
There are five stages of behavioral change. Listed in order of unwilling to change to readiness to change, they are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. People in precontemplation often say, "I can,t" or "I won,t" about being able to change. People in the contemplation stage often say, "I just may change" or "I,m thinking about it." People in the preparation stage have actively decided to take action at some point soon. In the action stage, a person has decided to implement a consistent change, but has been implementing the new behavior for less than six months. If a person has consistently implemented a change for more than six months, he or she is in the maintenance stage.
NEW QUESTION # 34
Which function does the autonomic nervous system NOT regulate?
- A. Breathing
- B. Running
- C. Digestion
- D. Secretion of hormones
Answer: B
Explanation:
The central nervous system is comprised of the brain and the spinal cord and is responsible for receiving. analyzing interpreting. and acting on sensory information. The central nervous system is comprised of the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for functions such as respiration, digestion, making hormones, and maintaining heart rate. The autonomic nervous system can be subdivided into the sympathetic nervous system, which is activated when the body is "stressed" and causes an increase in heart rate and respiratory rate and the parasympathetic nervous system, which is "in control" when the stressful stimulus is no longer present.
NEW QUESTION # 35
Active listening, building rapport, and showing understanding of a client,s situation are all components of
- A. Intrinsic motivation
- B. Nonverbal communication
- C. Client-centered techniques
- D. Extrinsic motivation
Answer: A
Explanation:
Client-centered techniques include asking open-ended questions, listening actively, and frequently clarifying what the client says. These can all contribute to building rapport and a strong relationship with a client. Nonverbal communication is that which is expressed and received via nonverbal cues, such as facial expressions, gestures, and the presence or absence of eye contact. Intrinsic motivation is the motivation for change that comes from within. For example, a person may want to lose weight to feel proud or to feel like he can achieve a goal When people are extrinsically motivated, they are motivated to achieve a goal because of an external factor. For example, someone might want to lose weight to fit into a wedding dress.
NEW QUESTION # 36
When meeting with a client for the first time, all of the following can be helpful comments to make to a client EXCEPT
- A. "Can you tell me about your daily routine?"
- B. problems do you have?"
- C. "Do you think you have clinical depression?"
- D. "How would you like this work to help you?"
Answer: B
Explanation:
It is important to remember that coaching is not therapy or mental health counseling. Personal trainers should never diagnose current psychiatric problems. However, it is important to ask a person about their past history-medical and otherwise-so that your sessions can be appropriate and productive. Knowing about a person,s daily routine will tell you how active he or she usually is. Asking, "How would you like this work to help you?" can elicit a specific goal that the two of you can work toward.
NEW QUESTION # 37
Which of the following pulses is not commonly used to determine an individual,s heart rate?
- A. Popliteal
- B. Radial
- C. Carotid
- D. Brachial
Answer: D
Explanation:
The popliteal artery, located behind the knee, can be difficult to palpate. The carotid pulse is felt by placing one,s fingers lightly in the lower neck along the medial aspect of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The brachial pulse can be palpated between the triceps and biceps muscles on the anterior and medial aspect of the arm, near the elbow. The radial artery can be palpated on the anterior arm, near the wrist.
NEW QUESTION # 38
All of the following classes of nutrients provide sources of energy EXCEPT
- A. proteins
- B. carbohydrates
- C. fats
- D. vitamins
Answer: D
Explanation:
Carbon is critical for the energy, production process. Proteins, fats, and carbohydrates-which are all sources of carbon-contribute to a number of functions in the body. They help provide energy so that muscles, nerves, and metabolic processes work normally. Energy, is measured in calories (cal) or kilocalories (kcal). When individuals exercise, they can ,turn" energy,, more quickly. Vitamins and minerals are critical for providing essential nutrients that the body needs to maintain normal function: however, they are not a source of energy.
NEW QUESTION # 39
Which of the following is not covered when obtaining informed consent from a client?
- A. Benefits that the client should expect to gain
- B. Risks and discomfort that maybe associated with the training program
- C. Purpose of the training program
- D. How much the training program cost
Answer: A
Explanation:
Obtaining informed consent at the beginning of a professional relationship can protect against potential later legal action. An informed consent document will discuss the reason for the training program, the risks or discomfort that a client may experience, the responsibilities of the client, the benefits the client may reap, and it will offer the opportunity for a client to ask related questions. Fee structure and payments are not part of the informed consent.
NEW QUESTION # 40
The interactive tool that can lead to change by creating an equal partnership between the client and the trainer is called
- A. Change talk
- B. Appreciative inquiry
- C. Motivational interviewing
- D. Generative moments
Answer: D
Explanation:
Motivational interviewing is based on the idea that change occurs when there is an equal partnership between the client and trainer. While you are a training centered relationship. Generative moments are powerful or negative events that have happened to a client that can spur him or her to change. Appreciative inquiry is a technique in which the trainer asks positive and powerful questions to help the client visualize potential possibilities. Change talk involves language spoken by a client about his or her desire and ability to change their behavior.
NEW QUESTION # 41
Benefits of nonlinear periodized training programs include all of the following EXCEPT
- A. Using a progressive increase in the workout intensity
- B. Allowing for variation in the workout intensity
- C. Having a "power" training day
- D. Training both power and strength of muscles within one week
Answer: C
Explanation:
While a linear periodized training program involves having a progressive increase in the workout intensity over the course of a week a nonlinear periodized training program involves variation of intensity over the course of a week A weeklong nonlinear periodized training program can target both muscle strength and power. A "power" training day involving power sets can also be implemented. This type of program may be more conducive to individuals with scheduling conflicts.
NEW QUESTION # 42
The joint movement that results in an increase of the joint angle is called
- A. Abduction
- B. Flexion
- C. Extension
- D. Adduction
Answer: C
Explanation:
When a joint is extended, the angle of the joint is increased. Flexion is the opposite of extension, and causes the joint angle to decrease. Abduction refers to movement that is directed away from the midline of the body. The opposite of abduction is adduction. Adduction describes movements that are made toward the midline of the body.
NEW QUESTION # 43
Which of the following conditions is an absolute contraindication for exercising during pregnancy?
- A. Heavy smoker
- B. Poorly controlled hypertension
- C. Ruptured membranes
- D. Poorly controlled seizure disorder
Answer: B
Explanation:
Recent research supports a role for exercise programs during pregnancy. Goals of this type of program can include reducing low back pain and decreasing the risk for developing gestational diabetes. However, there do exist a number of absolute contraindications. Some of these include ruptured membranes, placenta previa after 26 weeks of gestation, premature labor, preeclampsia, and high-risk multiple gestation pregnancies. In contrast, relative contraindications include the individual being a heavy smoker, having poorly controlled diabetes or seizures, or having poorly controlled hypertension or hyperthyroid disease.
NEW QUESTION # 44
What is the approximate target heart rate for a 50-year-old man in beats per minute (bpm)?
- A. 85 to 110
- B. 75 to 120
- C. 120 to 160
- D. 85 to 145
Answer: A
Explanation:
To calculate an individual,s target heart rate, first one needs to estimate the person,s maximal heart rate. This is estimated by subtracting a person,s age from 220. In this example, the person,s maximal heart rate is 220 - 50 = 170. Using this number, the target heart rate can be calculated. The recommended target heart rate is between 50% and 85% of the maximal heart rate. This would be 170X0.50 = 85, and 170X0.85 = 145. So, the individual,s target heart rate is estimated to be between about 85 and 145 bpm.
NEW QUESTION # 45
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