As shown in the diagram, Diagonal Drive, which is straight and level, connects A and B.
While Diagonal Drive is closed for repairs, drivers starting at A must take a detour and travel 3 miles due south, then 8 miles due west, and finally due south to arrive at B. How many miles long is Diagonal Drive from ,4 to Bl
(1) Before Diagonal Drive was closed, driving on it from A to 5 at an average speed of 30 miles per hour took 20 minutes.
(2) The total distance drivers drive south on the detour is 4 miles less than the length of Diagonal Drive between A and B.

• A. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
• B. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
• C. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
• D. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
• E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.

Until the Apollo astronauts brought samples of lunar material to Earth during 1966-72, scientists believed that the Moon's surface was largely undisturbed, given its dry, airless environment. Examination of the samples has shown otherwise. Micrometeorites, many smaller than a pencil point, constantly rain onto the Moon at up to
100,000 kilometers per hour, chipping materials or forming microscopic craters. Some melt the soil and vaporize and recondense as glassy coats on other specks of dust. Impacts weld debris into lumps of heterogeneous matter called "agglutinates." Complicated interactions with solar particle streams convert iron into myriads of microscopic iron grains. The regdith-pebbles, sand, and dust-from these erosion processes blankets the Moon. Much of the top layer consists of a complex abrasive dust of microscopic glass shards that can grind machinery and sealing devices and damage human lungs.
The Apollo specimens held by the United States are doled out in ultra-small samples to scientists who demonstrate that nothing else will suffice for high-value experiments. Renewed interest In lunar exploration in the late 1980s meant that materials designed to simulate lunar regolith-simulants-were needed for research to develop schemes for lunar building and procedures for extracting elements such as oxygen found abundantly in regolith. That led to the development of JSC-1 in 1993, made of volcanic cinder cone from a quarry in Arizona in the U.S. The more than 22 metric tons made was in high demand. Efforts are now afoot to manufacture 16 metric tons of JSC-1 A, with 1 ton of fine grains, 14 tons of moderately fine, and 1 ton of coarse.
The reason cited in the passage for developing a few root simulants (see highlighting) is

• A. the difficulty of obtaining simulant components from widely scattered quarries and mines
• B. the impracticality and expense of individually producing a unique simulant for each of many different lunar locations
• C. the nature of the tests for which the lunar regolith simulants were originally developed
• D. the similarity of chemical composition of lunar regolith and terrestrial volcanic soils
• E. the similarity of the physical structure of lunar regolith from different areas of the Moon

In spite of an Impressive presence of Greek women In undergraduate and graduate business programs both in Greece and In other countries over the last decade, negative stereotyping of women managers.persists id Greek culture and may explain, at least In part, the well documented fact that women are still under-represented h the Greek bus ness community.

• A. women managers are still subject to negative stereotyping in Greek culture,
• B. negative stereotyping of women managers persists in Greek culture
• C. Greek culture negatively stereotyping women managers persists,
• D. there are still negative stereotypes about women managers In Greek culture.
• E. persistent negative stereotypes in Greek culture about women managers,

It is known from cave paintings and other evidence that the hunting people occupying the Bax Cave area in Country X tens of thousands of years ago repeatedly set fire to the surrounding area. Archaeologists hypothesize that because the fires caused later plant growth on the land, the hunters set the fires in order to attract herbivorous prey species. Such actions, they claim, are evidence for the mental capacity to delay gratification for weeks, months, or even years.
Which of the following would it be most useful to determine in evaluating the archaeologists' claim?

• A. Whether the Bax Cave area is susceptible to fires caused by lightning strikes
• B. Whether remains can be found of hunting tools from tens of thousands of years ago in or near the Bax Cave
• C. Whether people occupying the Bax Cave tens of thousands of years ago consumed plants adapted to fire ecologies
• D. Whether in the immediate aftermath of fires in the Bax Cave area, animals sought by hunters came to seek prey driven out of dens or other shelters
• E. Whether the mental capacity to delay gratification for weeks, months, or even years was exhibited by contemporaries of the people occupying the Bax Cave tens of thousands of years ago